Asfur
Las estrellas, 2005
The Ensemble Asfur
The Ensemble Asfur (arab. = "bird") was founded in the autumn of 2000 with the aim of investigating the relationships between oriental and European music, a task which was to reveal itself as complex and multi-faceted. The starting point for the musical interpretations is medieval Spain. Occupied by Moorish conquerors for over 700 years, it represented a melting pot of the three great world religions of Christianity, Judaism and Islam almost throughout the Middle Ages.
The kings of Aragon and Navarra employed a large number of scientists and artists at their courts, and these came from all the countries of Europe. They not only brought their own experiences with them but also carried a large part of Moorish culture back to their home countries. The development of European instruments, in particular, was decisively influenced by originals from oriental countries. But, in the other direction, french culture also enjoyed growing popularity at the courts of the caliphs. This melting together can still be seen today in the secular and and spiritual music of Judaism, from the Balkans to the Eastern European countries.
The interpretation of the pieces selected for this CD aims not so much at correct historical reconstruction as at conveying to the 21st century listener a lasting impression of the variety of the cultural exchange between the Orient and Occident in earlier centuries and the deep emotional power of the music of this period. A time in which travel was something to devote one's life to, and in which the traveller could become aware of every single port of call on his journey in a very intense way.
In Spain in the 13th century, the famous Cantigas de Santa Maria were created, a collection of more than four hundred miracle reports and songs of praise to the Blessed Virgin Mary, kept at the court of King Alfons X (1224-1281). These Cantigas (songs) represent an unique example of creativity overlapping cultures in Moorish influenced Spain.
Their stores are told in the melodically fine language of Galician. Because King Alfons employed some of the most famous artists and scientists of the Christian, Jewish and Moorish origin at his court, the melodies (all for one voice) are of Arabic and Hebrew origin, as well as being indebted to the repertoire of folk songs and hymns. It was the French troubadour Gautier de Coincy, however, who was one of the first to set lyrics in honour of the Virgin Mary, written by himself, to reworked folk melodies, thus indirectly providing the impetus for Spain's enthusiasm for the worship of Mary.
Of the four Cantigas represented on this CD, three are performed in revised instrumental versions. "Dized, ai trobadores","Queen a virgen benservir", and "U alguen a Jhesu Cristo" combine the Ud, a fretless, bent necked lute instrument, and the Nay need pipe which are to be found in All Arabic countries, with instruments typical of the late Middle Ages in Europe such as the shawm, mandora, hurdy-gurdy and fiddle.
"En todo tempo faz ben" is a vivid portrayal of the miracles worked by the Blessed Virgin Mary, whose gentleness and forgiveness saves a sinful monk from certain death by drowning.
In an atmosphere of relative tolerance and lively cultural exchange between artists of different nations, which lasted until into the 15th century, the musical tradition of the Sephardim - the Spanish Jews - also arose.
This music is all the more interesting when it is understood in connection with the history of the Sephardim. For several countries, Moorish-occupied Spain was regarded as a place of refuge for Jewish artists and scholars, who were employed in the courts of the rulers there in great numbers. After the "Reconquista", the re-conquering of the country by the Europeans, the entire Jewish population was expelled from the country in 1492. Many of them found a new home in Northern Africa and the area of the then mighty Ottoman Empire, but also in the south of France and in Italy.
They took their language, identity and music with them.
For a long time these songs were largely passed on by oral tradition and therefore now exist in an abundance of variations.
The arrangements for "Abre tu puerta serrada" and "El rey de muncho madruga" stem from versions that have been handed down in the region of modern Turkey. Their melodies are based on the Turkish modal system (makam - or in Jewish Spanish parlance: a la turca).
Both are love songs with tragic ending and backgrounds. Love and pain are closely related, and in both songs death serves as an escape and as proof of love.
"Las estrellas de los cielos" was originally also a love song, but can also be understood against the background of centuries of life in exile:
"The stars i te Heavens,
One and one make a pair,
There is nothing stronger in the world
Than the bond between we two"
"Vesameru" comes from the Sephardic-Jewish liturgy. It is a text that is sung in the evening prayer (arbit) of the holy days Rosch Haschana and Yom Kippur.
Rosch Haschana is the name of the Jewish New Year festival on the 1st and second day of Tischri, the first month in the Jewish calender year.
Traditionally, this is followed by 9 days of contemplation, reflection and fasting in preparation for Yom Kippur. This day is the most important of all Jewish holy and is for reconnection with Gock and one's fellow men and for requesting the forgiveness of sins.
"Matar" (arab. = "rain"), composed by Tom John Wolff, portrays the paradoxical image of a shower of rain in the desert. Rain is a gift from heaven in areas where water is scarce. The piece is not indebted any particular traditional style, just as does not distinguish between different people.
The nauba or nuba is a kind of song suite introduced by an instrumental prelude. this form of composition first spread through the courts of the Moorish conquerors in what is now Andalusia (arab. al-andalus). Among others, the French troubadours employed in the Moorish courts adopted the nuba over the course of history, adapted structures and changes in melody and brought them back to their home country. However, of the more than 300 nuba works once known in Andalusia, only a few have survived to the present day.
The introduction to the nuba "Wasla al-asba'ayn" to be heard on this CD is based upon a modern interpretation of the nuba form. It uses a very common structure, the change between 10/4 and 6/8 time, called "Sama'i".
The love song "Quant foi la flour boutener" of the French troubadour Grace Brule (approx. 1159-after 1213), here present in an instrumental version, comes from the tradition of medieval courtly love lyrics, as also practiced by the french troubadours and German minnesingers. this chivalrous ideal of love, expressed above all in abstention from physical closeness and in which love is understood on a mental and /or spiritual level, is also reflected in the style arising in the 14th century which Philipe de Vitry called ars nova - a style that differs from everything prior to it in its nation and rhythmic division. This also includes the rondo by Guillaume de Machaut (ca. 1300-1377) "Puis qu'en oubli sui de vous", also performed on this CD. The lyrics speak of an unfulfilled longing for worldly love, which searches for an escape in a life dedicated to the love of God. Renunciation of worldly love serves as proof of love.
The incomparable beauty of the Alhambra, one of the most impressive oriental building in the Wolff and Thomas Flemming.
Silvia Needon
En todo tempo faz ben
This is how an ordained priest who
served Holy Mary died in the river
which runs through Paris, and on the
third day Holy Mary revived him and
brought him out of the river.
The Virgin who keeps us at all
times does merciful deeds.
She has no appointed time
to go the aid of the afflicted
nor to pardon the guilty
but responds whenever need arises.
The Virgin...
Concerning this, I shall now recount
for you a precious miracle
which She who is full of wisdom
performed for an ordained priest.
The Virgin...
The miscreant was authorized
to say mass, but, to his undoing,
he was so given to lust
that he cared for nothing else.
The Virgin...
However, he gladly and devoutly
prayed the holy hours
of the One from whom God was born
for our sake in Bethlehem.
The Virgin...
But, he did not reach the shore,
for the boat was overturned,
and he was drowned in the water
before he could land on the other side.
The Virgin...
He had lain submerged
in the river for four days
but then was taken out
by the One who always
has her salvation ready
to aid the unfortunate.
The Virgin...
El rey de muncho madruga
Very early in the morning
the King went to the Queen's quarters.
He found the Queen
Combing her hair
Praising the High One
For having created her to be so
beautiful
"I have two sons by you
And two by the King - altogether four.
the king's sons wear silk
and yours wear gold and pearl
embroidery"
When she turned her face
She found the king standing by her side
"Pardon me, pardon me, my lord
I was dreaming"
"At the break of dawn
i will dress you with new clothes
New clothes with a red collar"
Abre tu puerta serrada
Open your closed door
There is a bright light on your
balcony.
but you have my love, my beautiful one,
Let us go away together.
If it pleases you
I would give my blood to see you.
If my blood does not convince you,
I am gladly willing to die.
your beauty
is a gift from God
No one but I
Am worthy of your pure beauty.
Walking down the streets
you will be illuminated by my shadow
and you will sight many sights
remembering me.
Puis qu'en oubli sui de vous
since oblivious you are of me,
sweet friend
Amorous life and joy to God I comment.
To my misfortune was I born,
since love put me in you
Since oblivious you are of me,
sweet friend.
But I will keep,
What i have promised to you
That is, I will never have another lover.
Since oblivious you are of me
Sweet friend,
Amorous life and joy to God I comment.
01. Alfonso X el Sabio - CSM 111: En todo tempo faz ben
02. Anon. - El rey de muncho madruga (Sephardic)
03. Sama'i, Nuba «Wasla al-asba'ayn» (Tunisia)
04. T.J. Wolff - M?tar
05. Anon. - Abre tu puerta serrada (Sephardic)
06. Anon. - Vesamer? (Sephardic)
07. Anon. - Las estrellas de los cielos (Sephardic)
08. Guillaume de Machaut - Puisqu'en oubli sui de vous
09. Gace Brulé - Quant foi la flour boutener
10. Alfonso X el Sabio - CSM 260: Dized, ai trobadores (instr.)
11. Alfonso X el Sabio - CSM 59: Quen a virgen ben servir (instr.)
12. Alfonso X el Sabio - CSM 281: U alguen a Jhesu Cristo (instr.)
13. T. Fleming, T.J. Wolff - Alhambra
Tom John Wolff - voice, flute, nay, shawm, santoor
Thomas Fleming - voice, oud, lute, harp
Jule Bauer - voice, keyed fiddle
Silvia Needon - riq, darbouka, fiddle, frame drums
Peter Kuhnsch - riq, zarb, darbouka, frame drums, voice
Guest:
Robert Schuchardt - hurdy-gurdy, mandora

320 kbps including full scans
Part 1
Part 2